Concussions in football Essay Example for Free

Concussions in football Essay The quarterback drops back into the pocket and begins looking down field towards his receivers. One of the defensive linemen breaks through the offensive line and the quarterback quickly throws the ball away, but not before he is slung to the ground. As the quarterback lands on the ground, his head cracks back and hits the turf with tremendous force; and despite wearing a protective football helmet, the quarterback suffers a severe concussion. Concussions happen weekly in the NFL to players of all positions due to the tremendous force these players are hit with weekly and need to be noted more carefully. The short and long term effects of multiple concussions can be devastating to the human mind. Not only does the brain suffer long term physical damage, players often suffer from long term mental problems. So what is the NFL doing about this? Surprisingly enough, very little. Before we get started, its very important to know what exactly a concussion is. A concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. A concussion involves a transient loss of mental function. It can be caused by acceleration or deceleration forces, or by a direct blow to the head. Whether a player is hit with a helmet to helmet type of hit, a face mask, or just hits his head to hard on the turf; they can all cause serious concussions. Concussions werent taken very seriously until the middle of the 20th century. Often times, if a player said he was ok to go back onto the field after a concussion; the team doctors would let him. Recently, however, the NFL began doing studies on concussions due to the career ending injuries to Troy Aikman and Steve Young. In 1994, the NFL commissioned a research committee to learn more about concussions and the lasting effects that they had on players. The lead investigator, Dr. Elliot Pellman, took a look at videotapes from 174 different concussion instances to determine what designs they could make in the NFL helmet to reduce the amount of concussions that players suffered. Pellman and his colleagues wrote in January 2005 that returning to play after a concussion does not involve significant risk of a second injury either in the same game or during the season. However, a 2003 NCAA study of 2,905 college football players found just the opposite: Those who have suffered concussions are more susceptible to further head trauma for seven to 10 days after the injury. Pellman and his group have also stated repeatedly that their work shows no evidence of worsening injury or chronic cumulative effects of multiple concussions in NFL players. But a 2003 report by the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes at the University of North Carolina found a link between multiple concussions and depression among former pro players with histories of concussions. A 2005 follow-up study at the Center showed a connection between concussions and both brain impairment and Alzheimers disease among retired NFL players. Pellman told the NFL commissioner that half of the players that suffer concussions in game are allowed to return to the game. Pellman has no objections to having the players return because he doesnt think the players risk any significant long term damage by returning. However, many experts completely disagree with Pellman. The Second International Conference on Concussion in Sport met in Prague in 2004 and released the following statement: When a player shows ANY symptoms or signs of a concussion the player should not be allowed to return to play in the current game or practice. Many sports doctors agree that no players should return after concussions for a while because they are extremely susceptible to further brain damage. Many NFL players report having blacked out after returning from a concussion in the same game. According to Pellman though, they are completely fine. Several of the countrys preeminent neurosurgeons and neurophysiologists have grown increasingly concerned that the league is putting players at risk by following Pellmans lead. For one thing, Pellman is a rheumatologist by training a specialist in the treatment of joints and muscles not a neurologist. To be honest, that is all I really need to hear about him. How is a guy that is not even a certified neurologist giving advice to the NFL about the seriousness of concussions? Not only that, Pellman refuses to look at other data regarding concussions because he only wants to look at the data that he extracted from his players. Pellman reportedly left out many different cases involving players with concussions that did not coincide with his data. An associate he worked with said that 850 or so baseline cases were left out of their study when they should have been included. The NFL has to decide how much longer it can afford to send players back into games after theyve been knocked out. How much longer it wants to tell players that multiple concussions pose no threat to their future mental health. And how much longer it wants to keep relying on Elliot Pellmans research to make its calls.

Unforgiving Rapids :: Personal Narratives Whitewater Rafting Essays

Unforgiving Rapids The unforgiving water rushes past the boat, waiting for a false move. Called a class 5, this rapid looks more like a class 6 with the water as low as it is. Six to ten foot swells come crashing down from time to time keeping the crew sharp and wet. To the right, a thousand-foot wall of stone reaches for the sky, yearning for the omnipresent. The canyon walls look as smooth as silk, yet upon contact are as coarse as sandpaper. Quartz crystals glisten in the summer sun. No storm clouds today. The skies are clear. To the left, a valley stretches into the distance, winding back and forth like a drunk driver. Weeds take over much of the bank on either side. They stretch out for miles in either direction like they are the sole owners of the canyon. It didn't used to be this way. Ten years ago you could actually see the sandy banks most of the way down the river. Now scouting is the only way to find a nice sandy beach to set up camp. Elk along the shore are a reminder of the necessity for b oiling even the cleanest water. Lawsuits loom large and safety is a priority. The speed of the water is frightening, yet exhilarating. The water's spray is cool and keeps us laughing. The captain looks anxiously about for rocks and logs. To one side, a cliff that must be four thousand feet tall looms over the raging river like an overgrown skyscraper. The canyon contrasts against the sky like black carpet in a house with white walls. Little metallic pieces of rock mirror the sun's rays and create a magical ambiance. The sky is very blue here, like the bluest water in the ocean on a clear day; not a cloud to be seen. To the other side of the river, a canyon winds into the distance like a freeway overpass. Lots of beautiful plants line the shore of the river, leaving only a few bare places where a sandy bank can be seen. Today, elk was spotted along the shore drinking from the muddy water. What a magnificent rack! It's all a great adventure. The old boat has seen better days; gray patches stick to the orange rubber of the 16 footer. Flexible yet sturdy, the boat is comfortable, like an old shoe. There are no surprises here.

Douglas Spalding Essay

Douglas Spalding was the architect of ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior. He started his research in the mid 1800s. His studies discounted British empiricist claims that animal skill regarding depth, distance; perception and sound localization were learned by the animals while they were young. Spalding study of ethology involved the determiner of behavior such as instinct is behavior that is predisposed or shaped by natural selection or innate pre-programmed behavior. To address the British empiricist claim that perceptual abilities did not require experience, he conducted an study dealing with instinct. He open a portion of an egg where chicks, baby chickens, not girls, where about to hatch and just before their eyes opened, he opened a piece of the egg, and covered the chicks head with a hood. After removing the hood; the chick showed no effects of not being able to see and was able to locate insects to eat, thus showing innate behavior is extremely valuable in animal behavior and not experience. Critical period research is learning that occurs at a specific age or life stage. Critical period is behavior that’s developed within a specific time frame. Spalding withheld chicks from the mother for 10 days. The chicks didn’t hear or see their mother for ten days. Spalding introduced the chicks to the calls of the mother; however, the chicks did not recognize their mother. Spalding observation showed at particular stages in life innate behavior is developed with a specific time. Spalding experiments and observations supported the claim that animals innate behaviors not experiences is a determiner of behavior.

Essay about Motivational theorists - 1569 Words

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfil the next one, and so on. The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes: 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability. 3. Social Needs - Belongingness and Love, - work group, family, affection, relationships. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance,†¦show more content†¦This style of management assumes that workers: Dislike working. Avoid responsibility and need to be directed. Have to be controlled, forced, and threatened to deliver whats needed. Need to be supervised at every step, with controls put in place. Need to be enticed to produce results; otherwise they have no ambition or incentive to work. X-Type organizations tend to be top heavy, with managers and supervisors required at every step to control workers. There is little delegation of authority and control remains firmly centralized. McGregor recognized that X-Type workers are in fact usually the minority, and yet in mass organizations, such as large scale production environment, X Theory management may be required and can be unavoidable. Theory Y Theory Y expounds a participative style of management that is de-centralized. It assumes that employees are happy to work, are self-motivated and creative, and enjoy working with greater responsibility. It assumes that workers: Take responsibility and are motivated to fulfill the goals they are given. Seek and accept responsibility and do not need much direction. Consider work as a natural part of life and solve work problems imaginatively. This more participative management style tends to be more widely applicable. In Y-Type organizations, people at lower levels of the organization are involved in decision making and have more responsibility. Comparing Theory X andShow MoreRelatedMotivational Theorist: Abraham Maslow1461 Words   |  6 PagesMotivational Theorist Paper: Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow â€Å"What a man can be, he must be. This need we call self-actualization.† (â€Å"Brainy Quote†) This quote by Abraham Harold Maslow is the foundation on which much of his work is based. Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908, to a poor Jewish immigrant family from Russia. He was the first of seven children and since his parents wished for the best for their children they were very strong about academic achievement. Due to this pushRead MoreRelationship Between Motivation and Behavior961 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds, and desires stem from an internal experience known as motivation. Motivation is an internal experience that drives external behaviors (Huitt, 2011). The two broad categories of motivational needs are distinguished as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and within these distinctions are various sources of motivational needs, such as biological and social needs (Ryan Deci, 2000). Motivation shares a critical relationship with behavior because motivation acts as a catalyst for behavior (Huitt, 2011)Read MoreEssay on Management Theories1263 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to achieve and experience psychological growth (job content) so that managers can have productive, satisfied employees. Herzberg concluded that extrinsic rewards, or hygiene factors, could never create real work motivation. The growth or motivational factors in a firm include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement while the dissatisfaction -avoidance or hygiene factors consists of extrinsic factors such as administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, workingRead MoreManagement Theories1287 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to achieve and experience psychological growth (job content) so that managers can have productive, satisfied employees. Herzberg concluded that extrinsic rewards, or hygiene factors, could never create real work motivation. The growth or motivational factors in a firm include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement while the dissatisfaction -avoidance or hygiene factors consists of extrinsic factors such as administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, workingRead MoreIs The Theory Of Basis Data Scientific?1163 Words   |  5 Pages1. Is the theory’s basis data scientific? The trait/biological approach is a little scientific. The data used to establish the traits does not include a large and diverse sample. The theorists who did collect data collected it from individuals whose personalities supported their theories. Raymond Cattell collected three types of data: L-data (behavior in everyday situations), Q-data (self-reported questionnaires), and OT-data (objective tests). With the data, Cattell ran a factor analysis and ifRead MoreVirgin Media As A Subsidiary Company Of Liberty Global Plc1616 Words   |  7 Pagesused in 20 years time. Findings Fredrick W. Taylor developed the principals of scientific management in a book written in the early 19th century this changed how manufacturing organisations †¨motivate their workforce. His motivational theory can be summed up in one phrase ‘a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work’ this displays that Taylor thought that workers were only motivated by one thing ‘MONEY’ he suggested that organisations adopt payment on a piece rate as an incentiveRead MoreTo what extent do McDonalds use motivational theories to enhance the performance of their employees and hence increase efficiency/productivity? Are these methods effective?1609 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent do McDonalds use motivational theories to enhance the performance of their employees and hence increase efficiency/productivity? Are these methods effective? Introduction McDonalds is a large multinational company that supplies millions of people with fast food. It is important for them to ensure that the workforce they employ is working to their full potential. McDonalds are very customer/ market orientated. They depend on a reputation for customer service. If employees are notRead MoreEvolution Of Management Through History1190 Words   |  5 Pagesin coordinating and controlling matters in order to pursue common goals. There have been many different concepts that have been developed in order to make management a functional practice. Due to the historical development of management, several theorists have worked over centuries in order to develop milestones that make management as effective as it is today. Amongst one of the most influential characters of management advancement is Henri Fayol. In 1888, Fayol was a young engineer of a FrenchRead MoreEvaluating Moral Issues Of Motivation Theories : Lessons From Marketing And Advertising Practices859 Words   |  4 Pagesreview of motivation theories and practices. The academic journal is designed to assist the reader and companies with comprehensive practices used to benefit the organization. The administered research is considering â€Å"the moral meaning of classic motivational theories and practices and their implications for both theoreticians and practitioners† (Shultz, T., 2013 J, 26(1), p. 1). The research was completed and documented, primarily reflecting on the ethical standards of motivating employees. The researchRead MoreDavid Mcclelland And His Achievement Theory1199 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theory is significantly critical in its profound implications in understanding the human psychology, development, and business management practices. Before exploring McClelland’s theory, the theorist must first be understood. Dr. David McClelland is a well-known American psychological theorist who was renowned for developing the Achievement Motivation theory or otherwise referred to as Need Achievement theory. Born in 1917 in Mount Vernon, New York, and died in 1998 in Lexington, Massachusetts

Symbolism In Teh Kite Runner And Lord Of The Flies

Think about how politics, hope, and evil are represented in daily life? We tend to delve into loads of novels, Every. Single. Day. But we never stop to think that the ideas presented in the book apply to us. It’s not just a fantasy. Novels talk about humanity, sometimes we just need to pause and receive the message that the author is trying to convey us in their literature. We are going to analyze two books, The Kite runner and lord of the flies. Khaled Hosseini, in Teh Kite Runner, and William Golding, in Lord of the Flies, Bothe use symbols in their narratives to represent broader ideas like politics, Hope and Evil, but the interpretation pf these presented ideas is varied. Both Khaled Hosseini and William Golding use a symbol to†¦show more content†¦He points out how people accepted the circumstances as their fate and didn’t fight because they felt their place was below the Taliban. â€Å" I wondered briefly what it must be like to live with such an ingrained sense of one’s place in a hierarchy.† (Hosseini 42) The ingrained sense of fear and one’s place in hierarchy forbid the Afghans to stand up and speak up. Furthermore, Hosseini and Golding explored the topic of Hope in their narratives. Golding used the signal fire as the symbol of hope for the boys. Keeping the fire going was the sole purpose of the boys before savagery took over. â€Å"The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we don’t keep a fire going? Is a fire too much for us to make? Look at us! How many are we? And yet we can’t keep a fire going to make smoke. Don’t you understand? Can’t you see we ought to-- ought to die before we let the fire out?† ( Golding 81) As the fire faded so did the civilized rule. If we observe throughout the book, the signal fire acted as a parallel to civilization and knowledge. â€Å"The fire’s the most important thing. Without the fire we can’t be rescued. I’d like to put war-paint on and be a savage. But we must keep the fire burning. The fire’s the most important thing on the island, because, --’ He paused again and the silence became full of doubt and wonder. Piggy whispered urgently ‘Rescue’ (Golding 125). In the beginning when they had

The Anthropology Of Iraq The Land Of Two Rivers

The Anthropology of Iraq The land of two rivers, Iraq, has a fascinating culture that has been misinterpreted by the present turmoil. According to Elizabeth Pietanza, â€Å"Iraq has many different names associated with it including the land of two rivers, Mesopotamia, the Fertile Crescent named because of the two rivers that flow through Iraq including the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It is termed the Fertile Crescent because of the ample amount of agriculture that takes place around the rivers† (Pietanza 2001:1078). Iraq has been divided amongst many types of people including Armenian, Kurdish, Sunni, Shia, and Chaldean, but each possess a sense of nationality and love for the country they were born in. The very country that is seen on the news as being fragmented, is actually intertwined by the common language of Standard Modern Arabic and how there are different group of people who speak different languages, the kind hearted gestures, and gender equality for females. Arabic is an interesting langua ge because it is different from region to region. Elizabeth Pietanza states, there are â€Å"three different forms: classical, modern standard, and spoken† (Pietanza 2001:1078). The Classical form of Arabic is based on the Islamic religious book, the Quran. Most children living in Middle Eastern countries are taught to read and write using the Modern Standard form of Arabic, however the spoken language is different from country to country. Iraqi spoken language is different from theShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization1500 Words   |  6 Pagesagriculture among early humans with specific regard to the rise of Mesopotamian city-states and the ancient Egyptian nation state. These two early societies provide poignant examples of the profound influence of agriculture. In their respective eras, they were the most important and powerful cultures in the world; this is as a direct result of their ability to manage the land and utilize it to gr ow crops and maintain livestock. Early Human Society: Hunter Gatherers Early humans were hunter-gatherers.Read MoreThe History of the Kurds2148 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿KURDS The Kurds have colonized the area of rugged mountains and tall plains at the headwaters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for more than two thousand years. They are said to descend from Medes who conquered the Nineveh in 612  B.  C. Their traditional form of life is pastoralism and agriculture (Barth 1993). The unsanctioned country of Kurdistan inhabited an area steeped in history; a history, specifically, the bloody chaos, occupation and assimilation. When the Medes (descended from the Aryans)Read MoreAbu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruri Essay2360 Words   |  10 Pagesastronomers. He was well versed in physics, mathematics, geography, history, ethnography, anthropology and astronomy. During his time of becoming a great polymath, he survived some unusual political changes such as change of six princes. There is not enough information about his early life available but from what it is known; khwarezm was located beyond â€Å"Amu Darya† river, a river that was calle d Oxus River at those times. Al-Biruni’s educator, Khwarezm-Shah was a member of the parliament or in betterRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pages[edit] Pre-Columbian period Main article: Pre-Columbian The earliest known inhabitants of what is now the United States are thought to have arrived in Alaska by crossing the Bering land bridge, at least 14,000 30,000 years ago.[10] Some of these groups migrated south and east, and over time spread throughout the Americas. These were the ancestors to modern Native Americans in the United States and Alaskan Native peoples, as well as all indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many indigenous peoplesRead MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism21967 Words   |  88 Pages29 29 30 31 31 33 33 36 37 40 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION APPROACHES AND THEIR APPLICATION Alternative Dispute Resolution comprises various approaches for resolving disputes in a non-confrontational way, ranging from negotiation between the two parties, a multiparty negotiation, through mediation, consensus building, to arbitration and adjudication The article introduces the key skills required, with particular attention to their important role in the process of negotiation and mediation,Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesan Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle HechtRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesreasonable one? Yes, because it is based on high-quality reasoning. Is it the best decision—the one an expert would have made in your place? You don’t know this, but yes, the experts do say that stream water will be safe if you boil it for a minute or two. Giardia is caused by protozoa which can’t live for long at high temperature. Other micro-organisms can survive this heating, but they usually won’t cause any human illness. The reason people use water-purification tablets instead of boiling is for Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesculture Creating a culture that gives meaning to work Developing understanding of culture Developing a ‘practical theory’ of organizational culture The vehicles of culture The processes of the communication of culture The ‘heart of culture’ A tale of two cultures How neo-modernist organization theory develops challenges in the design of organizations The processual perspective Design and development Conclusions: does neo-modernist organization theory exercise challenges for new visions of the organizationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesActivity 10.2 A Meaningful Paragraph 575 Graphing Calculator Explorations 580 11 Comparing Two Populations or Treatments 583 11.1 Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Means Using Independent Samples 583 11.2 Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Means Using Paired Samples 606 11.3 Large Sample Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Two Population or Treatment Proportions 619 11.4 Interpreting and Communicating the ResultsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespage intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor:

Articles on Nursing Issue in Canada-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Focus on current issue in nursing Canada, examine this issue with three kind of media. Answer: Introduction: Canada is one of the developed countries facing challenges due to shortage of nurses. The registered nurse position comprise one of the job postings from different job position however severe talent gap and low level of education among nurses is a reason for inability to meet high demands in health care setting (MacLean et al., 2014). Considering the rise in ageing population, the demand for nurses in Canada is rising and there is need to explore in-depth regarding the reason for such shortage of nursing staff. The main thesis statement for this report is critical review of nursing shortage issue in Canada. This discussion has been presented by review of three articles on the topic and finding out important information covered on the topic. It also compares and contrast each article to find out credibility of author and articulate own position on the article. Analysis of articles on nursing issue in Canada: Summary of articles: Media source: The news posted on The Huffington Post Canada presented the issue of nursing shortage in Canada, however the news affirmed that other countries have the worse statistics in terms of nursing workforce shortage. Finding skilful and talented nurses for the Canadian health care system has become a tough and challenging work. The author warned about the seriousness of the issue by estimation that shortage of nurse could be about 60, 000 by 2022. This news article also gave idea about the reason for nursing shortage by means of discussion on no guarantee of a job in nursing service, strict spending measure of government, cutback and cost cut by government and high stress in the job. Hence, by reviewing the news articles, the factors contributing to the issue can be understood. The issue of stress in the nursing job is relevant because in the situation of workforce shortage, burnout and dissatisfaction with the job will become common issues in Canada. The news article gave useful recommenda tions to attract more number of people in the nursing profession (Tencer, 2017). Scholarly source: The research study by Chachula, Myrick Yonge, (2015) is also a research work in response to the nursing shortage in Canada. It used nursing shortage issue and likelihood of nurses changing their profession within two years as a background to frame research question. Hence, the main aim of the research was to examine the basic psychological process involved in newly-graduate RNs in Western Canada to exit the nursing profession within five years. The Glaserian grounded theory was the theoretical framework used in the study. The author used semi-structured interview method to collect data from nurses and the audio was recorded and transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Open and selective coding strategies were employed to categorize study findings into different themes. The study result gave rise to several themes related to reason for RNs to change the nursing profession. These themes included constraints of the health care system and workplace, experiencing fear, stress and challenges, negotiating social relationship and comparing rewards and tensions. Hence, these gave insight into challenges faced by RN in adapting to workload and coping with the reactivity of the health care system. Working constantly day and night without any break was the reason for dampening spirit in nurses (Chachula, Myrick Yonge, 2015). Hence, the study had important implication for educational setting, workplace setting and policy makers so that they evaluate RNs experience and create a healthy work environment to retain nurses in Canada. Web site source: The web site article by Goveia, (2017) gave insight about the challenges faced by nurses at Saint Elizabeth Health care in managing too many task in limited time. Through the review of struggle faced by nurse at the hospital, the article presented the impact of nursing workload issue in Canada. The manager at Ontario based home care organization asked the nurse to take photos of things that hindered their work. The website article gave detail about the images captured by nurses. The pictures showed nurses skipping their breaks, being worried about safety of patient and less engagement with senior management. The survey result was further evaluated by Canadian Healthcare Manager after hosting a round table discussion. The survey was successful in presenting the big picture, which was few staffs and large number of patients in hospital. The article also accepted nursing as a demanding job where their role should be appreciated. However, the survey showed very administrator appreciating the role of nurse. It also revealed that managers were not aware about time crunch issue of nurses thus indicating that nurses are not claiming their overtime. The article mainly suggested shifting to the electronic health record to address nursing workload issue in Canada. Critical analysis of three articles: By the review of three different types of article covering the topic of nursing shortage in Canada, one can understand the difference in documentation process of authors. However, while analyzing the article, the first difference found in there sources is the credibility of authors. The credibility of authors can be evaluated by their education, research interest and their past research work. The citation of authors name in other sources or bibliography is also reflective of the credibility. Hence, among popular media article, journal article and the website article, Chachula, Myrick Yonge, (2015) are the most credible authors. This can be said because Kathryn Michelle Chachula is main author of the work and has qualification in the master of nursing. Her research is also centered around teaching and learning in nursing education, simulated learning environment and transition experience of newly place nurses and RN entering the workforce (Brandon University 2017). Hence, from her re search interest, the credibility of the work is understood. In contrast, Goveia, (2017) and (Tencer, 2017) are not credible authors because they are reporters and have no formal education or research experience in the field of Nursing. Hence, without any research done with target subjects, their work cannot be considered a credible source. Although Goveia, (2017) covered the nursing workload topic, however it only summarized the result of a survey and did not research on the topic on his own. Documentation is also an important area in articles. Vast difference is seen in online articles and journal articles in terms of documentation. For instance, in case of Chachula, Myrick Yonge, (2015), the presentation and documentation of work is completely different because it is based on a research work in real setting. Hence, research articles are always presented in the form of clear headings like introduction and background, literature review, study design, methodology, result and conclusion. Such documentation by Chachula, Myrick Yonge, (2015) clearly gave idea behind the main intention for work and reason behind high rate of exit from nursing profession in Canada. Moreover, the authors work and claim was supported by relevant research work to enhance the validity of the content. In contrast, the documentation and presentation style found in Huffington post article and website source is in the form of news reporting with dates and presentation of information in subsequent par agraphs. However, the information provided by Goveia, (2017) and Tencer, (2017) had no reference or citation which one could refer to validate the findings. While reviewing the three article reporting about nursing shortage issue in Canada, the most critical aspect is to determine whether all the authors presents same fact or disagreement exist between authors. In case of the news article, the main point was that gap in nursing talent and supply of nursing workforce was due to poor security in the job, restrictive regulatory measures, high stress and poor working conditions for nurses (Tencer, 2017). However, his argument is also in agreement with Goveia, (2017) claim as it gave insight into the poor working condition of nurse by giving details about the snapshot captured by nurses. Hence, the factors behind nursing shortage in Canada were understood from the two articles. These two articles were very brief in their information, however key concepts and ideas could be understood. On the other hand, the research work by Chachula, Myrick Yonge, (2015) is a large piece of work with too many information related to psychology behind nurses e xiting the nursing profession. This research gave a contrasting view point regarding the reason for exit of nurse which was not extensively covered in other two sources. It showed that overall environment around nurse such as rewards, motivation, support from colleague, work pressure and level of support determines nurses strategy to leave. Hence, the journal article is useful piece of evidence as gave direction to adapt policy and health care models in Canada that makes work environment favorable for nurses to practice with full abilities. Conclusion: My personal opinion regarding the three sources covering nursing shortage issue in Canada is that all have been successful in giving some insight into the methods by which the health care system of Canada can address nursing shortage issue. However, personally I find the journal article most useful as it explore in-depth all factors that forces nurses to leave the job. I agree with the point that providing favorable work environment is necessary to attract and retain more nurses in the profession. Evidence also supports the fact that hospital work environment influence job satisfaction and intention to leave and improving work environment is an effective strategy for better nurse outcome (Zhang et al., 2014). My professional work value of patient safety and my personal value of compassion for human being influences my opinion regarding focusing on changing work environment of nurses. I feel so because a positive work environment will be a motivating factor for nurses to demonstrate b etter competency and seriousness in maintaining safety of patient. Giving ideal work environment will improve nursing supply as well as quality of care delivered in Canada References Brandon University (2017). Kathryn Chachula | Faculty of Health Studies. Brandonu.ca. Retrieved 12 December 2017, from https://www.brandonu.ca/health-studies/faculty-and-staff/chachula/ Chachula, K. M., Myrick, F., Yonge, O. (2015). Letting go: how newly graduated registered nurses in Western Canada decide to exit the nursing profession.Nurse education today,35(7), 912-918. Goveia, T. (2017).Comparing Notes on Workload, Patient Care and the Use of IT | Canadian Nurse.Canadian-nurse.com. Retrieved 20 December 2017, from https://www.canadian-nurse.com/articles/issues/2009/april-2009/comparing-notes-on-workload-patient-care-and-the-use-of-it MacLean, L., Hassmiller, S., Shaffer, F., Rohrbaugh, K., Collier, T., Fairman, J. (2014). Scale, causes, and implications of the primary care nursing shortage.Annual Review of Public Health,35, 443-457. Tencer, D. (2017).Canada Suffering Nurse Shortage, Though Other Countries Have It Worse: Indeed.com.HuffPost Canada. Retrieved 12 December 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/05/30/nurse-shortage-canada_n_10208080.html Zhang, L. F., You, L. M., Liu, K., Zheng, J., Fang, J. B., Lu, M. M., ... Wu, X. (2014). The association of Chinese hospital work environment with nurse burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave.Nursing outlook,62(2), 128-137.